const
cMyExt = '.db';
  cMyFileType = 'Project1.FileType';
Reg := TRegistry.Create;
  try
    // Set the root key to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
    Reg.RootKey := HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT;
    // Now open the key, with the possibility to create
    // the key if it doesn't exist.
    Reg.OpenKey(cMyExt, True);
    // Write my file type to it.
    // This adds HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.abc\(Default) = 'Project1.FileType'
    Reg.WriteString('', cMyFileType);
    Reg.CloseKey;
    // Now create an association for that file type
    Reg.OpenKey(cMyFileType, True);
    // This adds HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Project1.FileType\(Default)
    //   = 'Project1 File'
    // This is what you see in the file type description for
    // the a file's properties.
    Reg.WriteString('', 'Project1 File');
    Reg.CloseKey;
    // Now write the default icon for my file type
    // This adds HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Project1.FileType\DefaultIcon
    //  \(Default) = 'Application Dir\Project1.exe,0'
    Reg.OpenKey(cMyFileType + '\DefaultIcon', True);
    Reg.WriteString('', Application.ExeName + ',0');
    Reg.CloseKey;
    // Now write the open action in explorer
    Reg.OpenKey(cMyFileType + '\Shell\Open', True);
    Reg.WriteString('', '&Open');
    Reg.CloseKey;
    // Write what application to open it with
    // This adds HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Project1.FileType\Shell\Open\Command
    //  (Default) = '"Application Dir\Project1.exe" "%1"'
    // Your application must scan the command line parameters
    // to see what file was passed to it.
    Reg.OpenKey(cMyFileType + '\Shell\Open\Command', True);
    Reg.WriteString('', '"' + Application.ExeName + '" "%1"');
    Reg.CloseKey;
    // Finally, we want the Windows Explorer to realize we added
    // our file type by using the SHChangeNotify API.
    SHChangeNotify(SHCNE_ASSOCCHANGED, SHCNF_IDLIST, nil, nil);
  finally
    Reg.Free;
  end;
以上是该注册表
然后在form.oncreate事件中增加
var filename:string;
filename:=paramtr(1);//filename是txt文件双击后传给你的程序的文件名
 memo.load(filename);